The spiral model is a software development model. It was Barry Boehm who introduced the model. The model decreases uncertainty at each stage of software development. It incorporates features of both the waterfall model and prototyping model. It is a risk-driven process model and its most important feature is to decrease the risk of the project. In this section, we discuss … [Read more...] about Spiral Model
Waterfall Process Model
A waterfall process model is a dominant software development model used by software engineers for the last three decades. This model divides the entire software development process into several independent stages. Further, the developers sequentially carry out these independent stages to obtain the final product (software). The waterfall model is mostly implemented in the … [Read more...] about Waterfall Process Model
User Interface Design
User Interface Design is a process of designing or fabricating the interfaces through which the user can communicate with the computer. The software engineer accomplishes the task of designing the user interface, and they ensure that the user interface is easy to understand, achieves goals, and is suitable, encouraging, and forgiving. This section will briefly study user … [Read more...] about User Interface Design
Distance Vector Routing Protocol
Distance Vector Routing protocol is a 'dynamic routing' protocol. With this protocol, every router in the network creates a routing table which helps them in determining the shortest path through the network. All the routers in the network are aware of every other router in the network and they keep on updating their routing table periodically. This protocol uses the principle … [Read more...] about Distance Vector Routing Protocol
Mobile IP
Mobile IP is a communication protocol that enables a host to move from one network to another while still being connected to its home network. Mobile IP allows a mobile host to communicate with the remote host being in a foreign network. It is the improvised version of Internetworking Protocol (IP) that boosts mobile communication. In this section, we will discuss mobile IP, … [Read more...] about Mobile IP
Internet Control Message Protocol version 4 (ICMPv4)
ICMPv4 Internet Control Message Protocol version 4 is definitely a Network layer protocol. And its job is to report the error to the source if any problem arises while delivering the datagram. The ICMPv4 is a message-oriented protocol. It’s a protocol of version 4 of the TCP/IP protocol suite. In this section, we will discuss the ICMPv4 message along with its message format. … [Read more...] about Internet Control Message Protocol version 4 (ICMPv4)
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a dynamic mapping protocol. It maps the IP address of a computer to its MAC address. ARP maps the 32-bit IPv4 address of the receiver to the 48-bit MAC address of the receiver. The Address Resolution Protocol is a Network Layer protocol. A reverse ARP protocol (RARP) also exists that translates MAC address to IP address. In this section, … [Read more...] about Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Difference Between Private and Public IP address
Both private and public IP addresses identify a specific computer in a network. But they still differ in many ways. A private IP address is an IP address that identifies a specific computer in a private network. But, a public IP address identifies a specific computer over the global internet. Private addresses need not be unique universally. But, it has to be unique in their … [Read more...] about Difference Between Private and Public IP address
Network Address Translation (NAT)
Network Address Translation (NAT) is a method of mapping the private IP address to the public IP address and vice versa. With this method, the local host in a private network can access the internet. NAT is always implemented at the routers. As they help the router to identify that to which localhost the message is to be forwarded. In this section, we will discuss the reason … [Read more...] about Network Address Translation (NAT)
Special IP Addresses in IPv4
As in classful addressing, some blocks of addresses or some addresses in each block have been reserved for the special purpose & that’s why they are termed as special IP addresses. The special addresses of classful addressing were inherited by the classless addressing when it was introduced in 1996. There can be an entire block of addresses reserved for special … [Read more...] about Special IP Addresses in IPv4