Operating System

Demand paging in operating system is a fetch policy for a virtual memory that determines when a page should be brought into the main memory. In demand paging, a page is brought to the main memory only when demanded. Thus, we refer to it as demand paging. There is an alternative fetch policy for virtual memory that we refer to as prepaging. In prepaging, the pages other than … [Read more...] about Demand Paging in Operating System

Deadlock avoidance in operating system, is a general approach to deal with deadlock. In deadlock avoidance, the operating system analyzes each process’s resource request and determines whether granting the request would lead to deadlock or not. The system only grants the requested resource to the process only if the deadlock is impossible. What is Deadlock? Deadlock is a … [Read more...] about Deadlock Avoidance in Operating System

Fragmentation in operating system is a condition that occurs during contiguous memory allocation. In contiguous memory allocation, when user processes are loaded and unloaded from the physical memory, it breaks the free memory space into little pieces, which we refer to as fragments. Fragmentation is of two types, internal fragmentation and external fragmentation. Internal … [Read more...] about Fragmentation in Operating System

The producer-consumer problem which is also known by the term bounded buffer problem is a process synchronization problem. Process synchronization coordinates the execution of processes sharing common resources in such a way that there is no concurrent access to the shared resources to avoid race conditions. In this context, we are going to discuss the producer-consumer … [Read more...] about Producer Consumer Problem

Interprocess communication takes place between the cooperating processes. These processes communicate with each other by sharing data and information. Although there occur some issues while establishing interprocess communication. We will discuss those issues along with their solution. We will also discuss ways to achieve interprocess communication. Content: Interprocess … [Read more...] about Interprocess Communication (IPC)

System software is software that allows users to interact with the computer’s hardware. We all are aware that computer understands machine language only. Machine language includes instructions in the form of strings of 0s and 1s. However, machine language is quite difficult for a general user. So, the user instructs its need to the computer in a high-level language that the … [Read more...] about System Software

Scheduling in operating system is the process of selecting a process from a ready queue. And allotting CPU to this process for execution. The operating system schedules the processes in such a way that the CPU doesn't sit idle. And keeps processing some or the other process. Scheduling is an important part of an operating system. As perfect scheduling increases the … [Read more...] about Scheduling in Operating System

A process in operating system is a program that is currently in the execution phase. The operating system maintains a table that has an entry of each process in the system. This entry has information about the particular process. In this context, we will discuss the operating system's process. Along with process types, its life cycle, its states and the associated … [Read more...] about Process in Operating System

A system call is a function used by the user program to request the operating system's services. System call creates an interface that helps user programmers to communicate with the operating system to request its services. System calls are always executed in the kernel mode of the operating system. In this context, we will be discussing the system call, and how to invoke … [Read more...] about System Call in Operating System

The operating system structure illustrates the organization of modules inside it. The structure of the operating system varies from system to system. Engineers design it more carefully. So that the operating system functions properly and adopts the modification easily. We will be discussing different structures of the operating systems. We will learn how are modules … [Read more...] about Operating System Structure