Computer Networks

Ethernet in computer networks is wired technology we use to connect computers in a local area network (LAN), metropolitan area network (MAN), and wide area network (WAN). Bob Metcalfe & David Boggs invented Ethernet in 1976 at Xerox’s PARC (Palo Alto Research Centre). However, it was introduced for commercial use in 1980. In 1983 “Ethernet” was standardized as “IEEE … [Read more...] about Ethernet in Computer Networks

The sliding window protocol is a flow control protocol for noisy channels. Being a flow control protocol, it prevents the receiver from overwhelming receiver from the data. What is the purpose of Flow Control? The rate at which the sender sends the data and at which the receiver receives the data may vary. However, the receiver maintains a data buffer as it has to process … [Read more...] about Sliding Window Protocol

Transport Layer protocols control and manage the delivery of a message from a process running on the source host to a corresponding process running on the destination host. Well, transport layer protocols can be connectionless where each segment of a message is considered as an independent entity. Or a transport layer protocol can also be connection-oriented where first a … [Read more...] about Transport Layer Protocols

Packet switching is one of the switching techniques that can be used to route the data from source to destination in a switched network. A switched network uses switches to connect multiple devices to form a large network. In a switched network, there can be numerous paths from source to destination. The switching technique identifies the best path among these multiple … [Read more...] about Packet Switching

A wired local area network is a local area network where the connectivity between different components or elements of the LAN is done using wires and cable. Well to implement the wired LANs various technologies were introduced such as token ring, token bus, FDDI, ATM LANs, and Ethernet. Among all these technologies only Ethernet survived the market as it has the capability … [Read more...] about Wired Local Area Network

Multiple access control is a method that allows multiple stations to share the same link. Well, the data link layer is responsible for the transmission of frames between the sender and receiver. We can classify the function of the data link layer into two types: Data Link Control Multiple Access Control The data link control protocols offer reliable communication … [Read more...] about Multiple Access Control

Data link layer design issues highlight the problems that network designers must address while designing the data link layer of any networking model. But before understanding these design issues, let us first understand the need for the data link layer. What is Data Link Layer? The data link layer is a layer in the networking model that transforms the raw transmission … [Read more...] about Data Link Layer Design Issues

Stream control transmission protocol (SCTP) is also a transport layer protocol like TCP and UDP. SCTP protocol includes the best features of TCP and UDP along with this it also supports the new applications supporting voice over the internet. In this section, we will discuss the working of SCTP and we will also discuss services provided by SCTP along with its … [Read more...] about Stream Control Transmission Protocol

The transmission control protocol (TCP) is a connection-oriented and reliable transport layer protocol that provides process-to-process communication. Like in user datagram protocol (UDP), we refer to the data transfer unit as user datagram in TCP we refer it to as a segment. Content: Transmission Control Protocol Introduction TCP Working TCP Services Advantages … [Read more...] about Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

User datagram protocol (UDP) provides connectionless and unreliable process-to-process communication. It is a transport layer protocol. UDP has less overhead and provides faster delivery of the packets. UDP packets are referred to as user datagrams. Content: User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Introduction UDP Services Working UDP Applications Advantages and … [Read more...] about User Datagram Protocol (UDP)