Data link layer design issues highlight the problems that network designers must address while designing the data link layer of any networking model. But before understanding these design issues, let us first understand the need for the data link layer. What is Data Link Layer? The data link layer is a layer in the networking model that transforms the raw transmission … [Read more...] about Data Link Layer Design Issues
Cloud Architecture
Cloud architecture defines the working mechanism of cloud computing. The architecture details about all the components that are essential for the working of the cloud. It helps us in understanding how cloud services are made available to the end users. In the section ahead, we will be analyzing the cloud architecture in a layered manner. Also, we will discuss the front and … [Read more...] about Cloud Architecture
Linker and Loader in System Programming
Linker and loader are the two system programs that play a vital role in the execution of a program. A linker combines the target program generated by the language translator with all the external references mentioned in the program. Linker produces a machine language program that does not contain any unresolved external references. This machine language code is an executable … [Read more...] about Linker and Loader in System Programming
Macro in System Programming
Macro in system programming is a feature of a programming language that allows programmers to define an abbreviation for a piece of code. The programmer uses this abbreviation wherever he/she has to repeat the corresponding piece of code in the program. The macro processor scans this source program with macros. Wherever the processor comes across the macro abbreviations, it … [Read more...] about Macro in System Programming
Assembler in Computer
An assembler in a computer is a kind of language processor. It translates the assembly language into machine language. However, the program in assembly language may have some pseudo instructions. These instructions cannot be directly translated to the equivalent machine instruction. In this case, we need to scan the assembly code two or multiple times through the … [Read more...] about Assembler in Computer
Language Processor
A language processor is a processor that processes a language and translates it into another language. In system programming, a language processor processes a program in the source language and translates it into the target language. Usually, the source language is a programming language, and the target language is a machine language. While translating, it even identifies the … [Read more...] about Language Processor
Cloud Management
Cloud management in cloud computing is a process of managing the cloud resources to maintain the quality of cloud services QoS. Especially cloud computing is gaining worldwide acceptance among users. Thus, there emerges a need for its management. So, management ensures the proper functioning of cloud services. Cloud management involves the management of two cloud … [Read more...] about Cloud Management
Cloud Networking
Cloud networking is a kind of network where the cloud hosts all the network resources. However, the cloud can be private, public, or hybrid. The resources provided by the cloud provider are firewalls, bandwidth, and virtual routers. The customer can access these networking resources over the Internet. Cloud networking leverages the organization in extending its computing … [Read more...] about Cloud Networking
Soft Computing
Soft computing is a kind of computing technology that we use to develop intelligent machines. These machines have human-like problem-solving capabilities. Later they offer imprecise, but useful solutions for problems that are complex and even computational. The technologies used in soft computing to address such complex problems include fuzzy logic, neural network, genetic … [Read more...] about Soft Computing
Genetic Algorithm in Data Mining
A genetic algorithm in data mining is an advanced method of data classification. Data classification incorporates two steps, i.e. learning step and the classification step. The classification model is constructed in the learning step, and in the classification step, the model predicts the output for the provided input. A genetic algorithm is based on the basic principle of … [Read more...] about Genetic Algorithm in Data Mining