Data Encryption Standard (DES) is the symmetric block cipher which encrypts a 64-bit plain text in a 64-bit ciphertext. The DES was introduced by the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) in the 1970s. Initially, DES was only used in financial applications but later it was accepted as the cryptographic algorithm by other organizations too. Being a symmetric … [Read more...] about Data Encryption Standard (DES)
Transposition Technique in Cryptography
Transposition technique is an encryption method which is achieved by performing permutation over the plain text. Mapping plain text into cipher text using transposition technique is called transposition cipher. In this section, we will discuss variations of transposition technique, and we will also observe how the transposition technique is different from the substitution … [Read more...] about Transposition Technique in Cryptography
Substitution Technique in Cryptography
Substitution technique is a classical encryption technique where the characters present in the original message are replaced by the other characters or numbers or by symbols. If the plain text (original message) is considered as the string of bits, then the substitution technique would replace bit pattern of plain text with the bit pattern of cipher text. We will discuss … [Read more...] about Substitution Technique in Cryptography
Difference Between Black Box Testing and White Box Testing
Black box testing and white box testing both are the methods of testing the software. But, the main difference between black box and white box is that the black box testing checks the functionality of the software (external view) whereas, the white box testing, tests the internal structure or procedural design (internal view) of the software. Black box testing and white box … [Read more...] about Difference Between Black Box Testing and White Box Testing
Basis Path Testing
Basis path testing derives the number of 'test cases' that can be designed to exercise each & every statement in the program at the minimum once while testing is conducted to uncover all the possible errors of the program. Basis path testing is a method of testing the control structure of conventional software. In this section, we will discuss the steps for conducting … [Read more...] about Basis Path Testing
Black-Box Testing
Black-box testing is a ‘software testing technique’ used to examine the functionality of the software. It doesn't bother about the ‘internal structure’ of the software. We also refer to it as behavioural testing as it examines the behaviour of the software. Black box testing analyzes different categories of errors by testing all the functions of the software. In this … [Read more...] about Black-Box Testing
Software Testing Strategies
Software testing strategy is an approach which incorporates planning of the steps to test the software along with the planning of time, effort & resources that will be required to test the software. Software testing strategies plans to test any software starting from the smallest component of the software and then integrating test towards the complete system. The testing … [Read more...] about Software Testing Strategies
Software Quality Assurance (SQA)
Software quality assurance (SQA) is a set of activities performed to ensure that the developed software is of good quality. Although many developers believe that the software’s quality is something they should worry about after the code is generated. But the truth is that SQA activities are applied throughout the development of the software. However, in the early days, the … [Read more...] about Software Quality Assurance (SQA)
Incremental Development Model
The incremental development model is a prescriptive model which delivers the working component at each increment of the project. Incremental model is implemented when the client needs an immediate release of the project. In this section, we will discuss the characteristics of the incremental model in brief, along with its phases. We will also consider the scenario when the … [Read more...] about Incremental Development Model
Prototyping Model
Prototyping is a process model used to develop software. The main purpose of the prototyping model is to satisfy the customer’s needs. The model presents the working version of the software to the customer at a very early stage. Though it is not the complete version of the software, at least a part of the software works. The developers provide the working model to the … [Read more...] about Prototyping Model