The Hardwired and Microprogrammed control unit generates the control signals to fetch and execute instructions. The fundamental difference between hardwired and microprogrammed control unit is that hardwired is a circuitry approach whereas, the microprogram control unit is implemented by programming. The hardwired control unit is designed for the RISC style instruction set. … [Read more...] about Difference Between Hardwired and Microprogrammed Control Unit
CISC Processor
CISC is an abbreviation for Complex Instruction Set Computer. CISC processors were evolved in the 1970s before the evolution of RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computers) processors. During this period the computer memory uses to be 'small' and 'very expensive'. CISC processors were helpful in simplifying the code and making it shorter in order to reduce the memory … [Read more...] about CISC Processor
Addressing Mode and its Types
Addressing modes specifies the way, the effective address of an operand is represented in the instruction. Some addressing mode efficiently allows referring to a large range of area like a linear array of addresses and list of addresses. Addressing mode describes a flexible and efficient way to define complex effective address. Generally, the programs are written in a … [Read more...] about Addressing Mode and its Types
Instruction Format and Sequencing
Instructions in a program have proper instruction format and sequencing which decides the flow of the program execution. There are several types of instructions in a computer program like: instruction performing arithmetic or the logic operation on the numbers instruction that branches to other instruction in the program the instruction that checks the particular … [Read more...] about Instruction Format and Sequencing
Vector Processing
Vector processing performs the arithmetic operation on the large array of integers or floating-point number. Vector processing operates on all the elements of the array in parallel providing each pass is independent of the other. Vector processing avoids the overhead of the loop control mechanism that occurs in general-purpose computers. In this section, we will have a … [Read more...] about Vector Processing
Pipelining in Computer Architecture
Pipelining organizes the execution of the multiple instructions simultaneously. Pipelining improves the throughput of the system. In pipelining the instruction is divided into the subtasks. Each subtask performs the dedicated task. The instruction is divided into 5 subtasks: instruction fetch, instruction decode, operand fetch, instruction execution and operand store. The … [Read more...] about Pipelining in Computer Architecture
Critical Section Problem
The part of the process, where the code for accessing the shared resources is written, that part or section is the critical section (CS) of that process. Now the critical section problem is to implement such a solution, which can be used by the processes to cooperate when they share common resources. To execute its critical section, a process must take care of the three … [Read more...] about Critical Section Problem
Parallel Processing
Parallel processing requires multiple processors and all the processor works simultaneously in the system. Here, the task is divided into subparts and these subparts are then distributed among the available processors in the system. Parallel processing completes the job on the shortest possible time. Let us understand the scenario with the help of a real-life … [Read more...] about Parallel Processing
Contiguous Memory Allocation
Contiguous memory allocation is a memory allocation method that allocates a single contiguous section of memory to a process or a file. This method takes into account the size of the file or a process and also estimates the maximum size, up to what the file or process can grow? Taking into account the future growth of the file and its request for memory, the operating system … [Read more...] about Contiguous Memory Allocation
Swapping in Operating System
Swapping is one of the several methods of memory management. In swapping an idle or a blocked process in the main memory is swapped out to the backing store (disk) and the process that is ready for execution in the disk, is swapped in main memory for execution. We will be discussing swapping in more detail. As we all know, a process must be placed in main memory for its … [Read more...] about Swapping in Operating System