Computer Networks

Selective repeat protocol is a sliding window protocol that uses the concept of pipelining where multiple packets can be sent while the sender is waiting for the acknowledgement for the first sent packet. The selective repeat protocol manages error and flows control between the sender and receiver. In this section, we will discuss the need for selective repeat ARQ (Automatic … [Read more...] about Selective Repeat Protocol

Go-back N ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request)protocol is a practical implementation of the sliding window protocol. Well, there are two practical implementations of sliding window protocol, go-back-n and selective repeat. But in this section, we will be concentrating on the go-back-n protocol. Content: Go-Back-N Protocol Introduction Go-Back-N Definition Working with … [Read more...] about Go-Back-N Protocol ARQ

Among the transport layer services, the most important is to provide end-to-end communication between the process running on a source host and the corresponding process running on the destination host. There may be several processes running on the source host at the same time and there may be several processes running on the destination host. It is the responsibility of the … [Read more...] about Transport Layer Services

Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is a network layer protocol that supports multicasting. The main task of the IGMP protocol is of managing the membership of the hosts in a multicast group. IGMP protocol is applicable between the host (active member of a multicast group) and the multicast router. We have three versions of this IGMP protocol where the IGMPv3 is … [Read more...] about Internet Group Management Protocol

Semiconductor memories are the volatile memory storages that store the program and data until the power supply to the system is ON. The cycle time of these semiconductor memories ranges from 100 ns to 10 ns. The cycle time is the time from the start of one access to the start of the next access to the memory. In this section, we will discuss all kinds of semiconductor … [Read more...] about Semiconductor Memory Types

Multicast addresses are the IP addresses that refer to a group of hosts present in the same or on different networks. We refer to this group of hosts as a multicast group. Multicast addresses are ways to distribute a common data stream or service to the hosts in multicast addresses. Multicast Addresses in IPv4 Addressing in IPv4 can be classified into two kinds of addressing … [Read more...] about Multicast Addresses

Open shortest path first is a routing protocol that determines the shortest distance between two routers in an autonomous system. The OSPF protocol is developed on the basis of link-state routing that we discussed in our previous content. In this section, we will discuss the working of OSPF. We will also discuss the types of links in OSPF and also the types of OSPF … [Read more...] about Open Shortest Path First

Link state routing is an interior protocol that updates the routers inside the autonomous system i.e it is an intradomain protocol. The link-state routing was introduced to overcome the shortcomings of the distance vector routing protocol. The reason behind the replacement of distance vector routing protocol was it would take too long to propagate the information about the … [Read more...] about Link State Routing

Packet forwarding is the process of directing the packet towards its destination. As we know that Internet is a combination of several networks. A packet may belong to the same network as of source host or it may be for the destination host in a different network. So, a packet from a source host may have to travel many networks before reaching the destination. Packet … [Read more...] about Packet Forwarding

Routing information protocol (RIP) is a routing protocol that lets routers of an autonomous system inform each other about the changes inside the network. It is an intra-domain routing protocol as it updates the routing tables of routers inside an autonomous system. Routing specifies all those protocols that define the route of packets from source to destination across multiple … [Read more...] about Routing Information Protocol