Fragmentation in operating system is a condition that occurs during contiguous memory allocation. In contiguous memory allocation, when user processes are loaded and unloaded from the physical memory, it breaks the free memory space into little pieces, which we refer to as fragments. Fragmentation is of two types, internal fragmentation and external fragmentation. Internal … [Read more...] about Fragmentation in Operating System
Assembly Language in Computer
Assembly language in a computer is a low-level programming language. The assembly language (ASM) is close to hardware and has direct control over it. But it is far different from machine language. ASM is easily readable by humans. ASM programs are processed by an assembler and converted to machine language. The ASM program consists of a sequence of statements, each … [Read more...] about Assembly Language in Computer
Control Signals in Computer Architecture
Control signals regulate the operations and coordination of all processor components while executing the instructions. It is the control unit of the CPU, which is responsible for generating control signals. If we divide the instruction cycle into two phases, it would be the fetch phase and the execution phase. Even the processor’s hardware is divided into two sections. The … [Read more...] about Control Signals in Computer Architecture
Memory Hierarchy in Computer Architecture
Memory hierarchy describes how the computer organizes the memory devices based on their speed, size and cost per bit. The various memory devices we use to design a system are registers, cache memory, main memory, and magnetic disks. All these memories operate at different speeds and have different costs per bit. Why Memory Hierarchy? How much memory (size) of each kind will … [Read more...] about Memory Hierarchy in Computer Architecture
Ethernet in Computer Networks
Ethernet in computer networks is wired technology we use to connect computers in a local area network (LAN), metropolitan area network (MAN), and wide area network (WAN). Bob Metcalfe & David Boggs invented Ethernet in 1976 at Xerox’s PARC (Palo Alto Research Centre). However, it was introduced for commercial use in 1980. In 1983 “Ethernet” was standardized as “IEEE … [Read more...] about Ethernet in Computer Networks