Computer Networks

ICMPv4 Internet Control Message Protocol version 4 is definitely a Network layer protocol. And its job is to report the error to the source if any problem arises while delivering the datagram. The ICMPv4 is a message-oriented protocol. It’s a protocol of version 4 of the TCP/IP protocol suite. In this section, we will discuss the ICMPv4 message along with its message format. … [Read more...] about Internet Control Message Protocol version 4 (ICMPv4)

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a dynamic mapping protocol. It maps the IP address of a computer to its MAC address. ARP maps the 32-bit IPv4 address of the receiver to the 48-bit MAC address of the receiver. The Address Resolution Protocol is a Network Layer protocol. A reverse ARP protocol (RARP) also exists that translates MAC address to IP address. In this section, … [Read more...] about Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

Both private and public IP addresses identify a specific computer in a network. But they still differ in many ways. A private IP address is an IP address that identifies a specific computer in a private network. But, a public IP address identifies a specific computer over the global internet. Private addresses need not be unique universally. But, it has to be unique in their … [Read more...] about Difference Between Private and Public IP address

Network Address Translation (NAT) is a method of mapping the private IP address to the public IP address and vice versa. With this method, the local host in a private network can access the internet. NAT is always implemented at the routers. As they help the router to identify that to which localhost the message is to be forwarded. In this section, we will discuss the reason … [Read more...] about Network Address Translation (NAT)

As in classful addressing, some blocks of addresses or some addresses in each block have been reserved for the special purpose & that’s why they are termed as special IP addresses. The special addresses of classful addressing were inherited by the classless addressing when it was introduced in 1996. There can be an entire block of addresses reserved for special … [Read more...] about Special IP Addresses in IPv4