Ethernet in computer networks is wired technology we use to connect computers in a local area network (LAN), metropolitan area network (MAN), and wide area network (WAN). Bob Metcalfe & David Boggs invented Ethernet in 1976 at Xerox’s PARC (Palo Alto Research Centre). However, it was introduced for commercial use in 1980. In 1983 “Ethernet” was standardized as “IEEE … [Read more...] about Ethernet in Computer Networks
Sliding Window Protocol
The sliding window protocol is a flow control protocol for noisy channels. Being a flow control protocol, it prevents the receiver from overwhelming receiver from the data. What is the purpose of Flow Control? The rate at which the sender sends the data and at which the receiver receives the data may vary. However, the receiver maintains a data buffer as it has to process … [Read more...] about Sliding Window Protocol
Schema Change in DBMS
Schema change statements are used to make the alteration to the existing database. The schema change statements are defined using the structured query language i.e. SQL. It must be taken care that whatever changes you made to the schema of an existing database must not affect the existing database. In the section ahead, we will discuss more schema change and schema change … [Read more...] about Schema Change in DBMS
Entity Relationship Model
The entity relationship model is a diagrammatic representation of a database that helps the user to identify the entities present in the database and the relationship among the entities. The entity-relationship model is popularly used to design databases. The entity-relationship model plays with the three major components that are entity, attributes and relations. In this … [Read more...] about Entity Relationship Model
Transport Layer Protocols
Transport Layer protocols control and manage the delivery of a message from a process running on the source host to a corresponding process running on the destination host. Well, transport layer protocols can be connectionless where each segment of a message is considered as an independent entity. Or a transport layer protocol can also be connection-oriented where first a … [Read more...] about Transport Layer Protocols
Packet Switching
Packet switching is one of the switching techniques that can be used to route the data from source to destination in a switched network. A switched network uses switches to connect multiple devices to form a large network. In a switched network, there can be numerous paths from source to destination. The switching technique identifies the best path among these multiple … [Read more...] about Packet Switching
Wired Local Area Network
A wired local area network is a local area network where the connectivity between different components or elements of the LAN is done using wires and cable. Well to implement the wired LANs various technologies were introduced such as token ring, token bus, FDDI, ATM LANs, and Ethernet. Among all these technologies only Ethernet survived the market as it has the capability … [Read more...] about Wired Local Area Network
Multiple Access Control
Multiple access control is a method that allows multiple stations to share the same link. Well, the data link layer is responsible for the transmission of frames between the sender and receiver. We can classify the function of the data link layer into two types: Data Link Control Multiple Access Control The data link control protocols offer reliable communication … [Read more...] about Multiple Access Control
Hardwired Control Unit
A hardwired control unit is a control unit designed using hardware components such as logic gates, flip-flops, decoders etc. Well, there are two ways to design any control unit, it can be designed using hardwired control or using microprogrammed control. Both hardwired and microprogrammed control unit are implemented to generate the control signals required to fetch and … [Read more...] about Hardwired Control Unit
Producer Consumer Problem
The producer-consumer problem which is also known by the term bounded buffer problem is a process synchronization problem. Process synchronization coordinates the execution of processes sharing common resources in such a way that there is no concurrent access to the shared resources to avoid race conditions. In this context, we are going to discuss the producer-consumer … [Read more...] about Producer Consumer Problem